HarmonyOS 5 智能语音的深入实践
## 引言
在数字教育转型的浪潮中，HarmonyOS 5通过其创新的分布式能力和人工智能技术栈，为教育软件开辟了智能交互的新范式。以*K12口语训练场景*为切入点，本文深入分析如何利用ArkUI框架和AI语音服务，创建具有实时语音评估和课堂内容智能转录等功能的智能教育解决方案，实现三大突破：
* 技术亮点
多模态交互：支持语音和触控的双通道输入，适用于课堂快速响应和口语跟进等教学场景
教育级延迟：边缘侧语音识别响应时间为1.2秒，确保课堂互动流畅
可及性支持：实时字幕生成技术，辅助特殊教育场景
* 教育场景中的价值
- *语言学习*：AI语音评估实现发音准确性的实时评分
- *课堂录音*：自动生成教学内容的时间戳文本
- *作业评分*：通过语音指令快速调用题库资源
构建一个实时语音转文本功能，支持长按按钮触发录音并动态显示识别结果。适用于语音输入和实时字幕等场景。
---
## 详细开发过程
### 1. 环境准备
*系统要求*：HarmonyOS 5 API 9+
*设备支持*：需要验证设备麦克风硬件能力
```typescript
// 设备能力检测
if (!canIUse('SystemCapability.AI.SpeechRecognizer')) {
promptAction.showToast({ message: '设备不支持语音识别' })
}
```
### 2. 权限配置
*步骤说明*：
1. 声明权限：添加到 `module.json5`：
```json
"requestPermissions": [
{
"name": "ohos.permission.MICROPHONE",
"reason": "$string:microphone_permission_reason",
"usedScene": {
"abilities": ["EntryAbility"],
"when": "always"
}
}
]
```
2. 动态请求权限：
```typescript
private async requestPermissions() {
const atManager = abilityAccessCtrl.createAtManager();
try {
const result = await atManager.requestPermissionsFromUser(
getContext(),
['ohos.permission.MICROPHONE']
);
this.hasPermissions = result.authResults.every(
status => status === abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus.PERMISSION_GRANTED
);
} catch (err) {
console.error(`权限请求失败: ${err.code}, ${err.message}`);
}
}
```
### 3. 语音引擎管理
*生命周期控制*：
```typescript
// 引擎初始化
private async initEngine() {
this.asrEngine = await speechRecognizer.createEngine({
language: 'zh-CN', // 支持多种语言，如en-US
online: 1 // 在线识别模式
});
this.configureCallbacks();
}
// 资源释放
private releaseEngine() {
this.asrEngine?.finish('10000');
this.asrEngine?.cancel('10000');
this.asrEngine?.shutdown();
this.asrEngine = undefined;
}
```
### 4. 核心配置参数
查看原文
## Introduction<p>In the wave of digital education transformation, HarmonyOS 5 has opened up a new paradigm of intelligent interaction for educational software through its innovative distributed capabilities and AI technology stack. Taking the *K12 oral training scenario* as an entry point, this article deeply analyzes how to use the ArkUI framework and AI voice services to create smart education solutions with functions such as real-time speech evaluation and intelligent transcription of classroom content, achieving three major breakthroughs:<p>* Technical Highlights*
Multimodal Interaction: Dual-channel input of voice and touch, supporting teaching scenarios such as classroom quick response and oral follow‑up
Educational‑Level Latency: 1.2‑second edge‑side speech recognition response to ensure smooth classroom interaction
Accessibility Support: Real‑time subtitle generation technology to assist in special education scenarios<p>* Value in Educational Scenarios*<p>- *Language Learning*: AI speech evaluation enables real‑time scoring of pronunciation accuracy
- *Classroom Recording*: Automatically generates timestamped text of teaching content
- *Homework Grading*: Quickly invokes question bank resources via voice commands<p>Build a real‑time speech‑to‑text function that supports long‑pressing a button to trigger recording and dynamically displays recognition results. Suitable for scenarios such as voice input and real‑time subtitles.<p>---<p>## Detailed Development Process<p>### 1. Environment Preparation<p>*System Requirements*: HarmonyOS 5 API 9+
*Device Support*: Requires verification of device microphone hardware capabilities<p>```typescript
// Device capability detection
if (!canIUse('SystemCapability.AI.SpeechRecognizer')) {
promptAction.showToast({ message: 'Device does not support speech recognition' })
}
```<p>### 2. Permission Configuration<p>*Step Description*:<p>1. Declare permissions: Add to `module.json5`:<p>```json
"requestPermissions": [
{
"name": "ohos.permission.MICROPHONE",
"reason": "$string:microphone_permission_reason",
"usedScene": {
"abilities": ["EntryAbility"],
"when": "always"
}
}
]
```<p>1. Dynamic permission request:<p>```typescript
private async requestPermissions() {
const atManager = abilityAccessCtrl.createAtManager();
try {
const result = await atManager.requestPermissionsFromUser(
getContext(),
['ohos.permission.MICROPHONE']
);
this.hasPermissions = result.authResults.every(
status => status === abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus.PERMISSION_GRANTED
);
} catch (err) {
console.error(`Permission request failed: ${err.code}, ${err.message}`);
}
}
```<p>### 3. Speech Engine Management<p>*Lifecycle Control*:<p>```typescript
// Engine initialization
private async initEngine() {
this.asrEngine = await speechRecognizer.createEngine({
language: 'zh-CN', // Supports multiple languages like en-US
online: 1 // Online recognition mode
});<p><pre><code> this.configureCallbacks();</code></pre>
}<p>// Resource release
private releaseEngine() {
this.asrEngine?.finish('10000');
this.asrEngine?.cancel('10000');
this.asrEngine?.shutdown();
this.asrEngine = undefined;
}
```<p>### 4. Core Configuration Parameters