问HN：量子计算、计算机与编程
关于上述三个领域（从基础到高级）的学习，您推荐哪些好的资源，例如书籍、论文、文章、视频等？
1) 量子计算：这里的抽象计算模型到底是什么？经典计算模型（例如：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_of_computation）是否适用？还有哪些新的模型被发明出来？
2) 量子计算机：这些计算机的物理原理、组织结构和架构是什么？在经典计算机中，有半导体物理、电子元件和电压阈值对应逻辑1和0。这些在量子计算机中对应的是什么？虽然 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing 提供了很多信息，但对于理解来说并不够结构化。
3) 量子编程：在 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_programming 上提到了很多内容，亚马逊也列出了一些相关书籍，但我对这些内容如何相互关联并不清楚。同时，我了解到量子计算/编程可以在经典硬件上进行模拟，但具体如何实现还不太明白。
附言：一些详细的例子，说明量子计算机/编程如何帮助解决经典计算机无法解决的问题，将有助于将所有内容结合起来。虽然常提到肖尔算法（https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shor%27s_algorithm），但从一个更简单的例子开始可能会更易于理解。
再附言：特别希望听到那些在该领域实际学习、研究或工作的人的看法，了解他们具体做什么、实际应用以及如何学习这个主题。
查看原文
What are some good resources viz. books/papers/articles/videos/etc. to study about the three domains listed above (from Basics to Advanced)?<p>1) Quantum Computation: What exactly are the abstract models of computation here? Are the Classical Computation models i.e. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_of_computation applicable? What other new models have been invented?<p>2) Quantum Computers: What is the Physics, Organization and Architecture of these? In classical computers you have semiconductor physics, electronic elements and voltage thresholds mapping to logical 1's and 0's. This is then used to build layers of abstractions. What are their equivalents in a quantum computer? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing has a lot of info. but not quite structured for understanding.<p>3) Quantum Programming: A lot is mentioned at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_programming and Amazon lists a bunch of books on this topic but am not quite clear on how everything fits.
Also as i understand, quantum computing/programming can be simulated on classical hardware but am not clear on the how.<p>PS: Some detailed examples as to how quantum computers/programming actually help you solve problems which cannot be solved on classical computers would be helpful to bring everything together. Shor's algorithm (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shor%27s_algorithm) is often mentioned but perhaps starting with a far simpler example would be more accessible.<p>PPS: In particular; I would love to hear from folks who actually study/research/work in this domain regarding what they actually do, its real-world applicabilities and how to go about learning the subject.