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最近我一直在思考太阳能，特别是在某些应用中，似乎需要昂贵且笨重的钢结构来固定太阳能板。我还在考虑电动车，以及电动机的效率远高于内燃机，即使在不考虑能源来源是否可再生的情况下。于是我想到了一个主意：为什么不直接在车辆的车顶上安装太阳能板呢？显然，几块标准尺寸的太阳能板无法满足汽车发动机的峰值功率需求。但电动车确实有电池。我找到的数据表明，典型的太阳能板在阳光充足的情况下可以产生约200瓦/平方米的电力，而典型电动车的能耗约为200瓦时/公里。因此，考虑到车顶上有几平方米的可用空间，几个小时的日照就能支持数公里的行驶。你可以开车上班，把车停在露天停车场，或许能捕获足够的能量来覆盖回家的路程。总体来说，这至少可以满足部分电力需求，从长远来看可以节省不少费用。我设想一个小型（比如边长10厘米）的太阳能板系统，安装在轻量架构上，配备简单的反馈控制系统，能够在一天内调整太阳能板的角度以面向太阳。整个系统将集成在车辆的车顶上，覆盖有玻璃或聚碳酸酯材料，这样就不必担心雪、风等对太阳能板的影响。当然，这意味着要放弃天窗。我认为这些数据实际上应该比平均情况更好，因为太阳能板可以直接产生汽车所需的直流电压——省去任何逆变器，避免显著的传输损耗。太阳能板只需能够为已经存在的电池充电（这是必需的）。过去我考虑过在停车场上方安装带有太阳能板的屋顶。使用汽车的车顶则可以将成本和节省分摊到个人，避免昂贵的基础设施（这可能还会引发政治或监管问题）。这个想法是否存在我没有考虑到的重大问题？有没有人认真研究过类似的项目？ [1]: 例如 https://www.energydawnice.com/solar-panel-output-per-square-meter；这看起来像是经过SEO优化的内容，但我找到的其他资料也差不多，似乎大致一致。虽然根据我对日照和现代太阳能板效率的了解，我想应该可以做到比这更好。 [2]: https://ev-database.org/cheatsheet/energy-consumption-electric-car

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I've been thinking a lot lately about solar power, and specifically about the supposed need for expensive and heavy steel structures to hold panels in place, at least in some applications. And I've also been thinking about electric vehicles, and about how electric engines are much more efficient than internal combustion engines, even before considering whether the source of energy is renewable.And the idea occurred to me: why not just put solar paneling on the roof of the vehicle itself?Now, obviously a couple of standard size panels aren't going to provide the peak power demand of a car engine. But the EV does have a battery. The numbers I found are that typical panels can generate on the order of 200 W/m^2 in full sun [1], while typical EVs use about 200 Wh/km [2]. Thus, given that there are a few m^2 of usable space on the roof, several hours of exposure would cover many kilometres of travel. You could drive to work, leave the car in an open-air parking lot, and perhaps capture enough energy to cover the drive home. In general it would at least cover part of the electricity demand, adding up to considerable savings over the long run.I'm imagining a system of small (say 10cm to a side) tiles on a lightweight rack, with a simple feedback control system able to tilt the tiles to face the Sun over the course of a day. The whole thing would be integrated into the roof of the vehicle, with a glass or polycarbonate cover, such that there's no need to worry about snow, wind etc. on the panels themselves. It does of course imply forgoing a sunroof.The numbers should actually work out better than the average case, I'm thinking, since the panels could directly generate the car's native DC voltage — skipping any inverter and avoiding any significant transmission losses. The panels just need to be able to charge the battery that's already there (out of necessity).In the past I've thought about putting roofs over parking lots with panels on top. Using the car roofs instead would distribute the costs and savings to individuals and avoid expensive infrastructure (that might also cause political or regulatory issues).Are there major problems with the idea that I'm not thinking of? Is anyone seriously working on something like this?[1]: e.g. https://www.energydawnice.com/solar-panel-output-per-square-meter/ ; this reads to me like SEO-optimized slop, but so does everything else I can find, and it all seems to roughly agree anyway. Although from what I know about insolation and the reported efficiency of modern panels, I imagine it should be possible to do a fair bit better than that.[2]: https://ev-database.org/cheatsheet/energy-consumption-electric-car

请问HN：帮我核实一下我关于电动车和太阳能的数字是否合理。